![]() Ethers are named with the suffix ether, e.g. Ethers are generally not very reactive and are often used as solvents. Note that a hydroxy (-OH) group on an aromatic ring yields the functional group phenol, which has slightly different reaction properties.Įther: A compound that contains a C-O-C bond. Alcohols are named with the suffix -ol, e.g. Alcohols can be deprotonated to create a good nucleophile, or protonated to transform the -OH into a good leaving group (OH 2), thereby making the alcohols suitable substrates for S N1/S N2 and E1/E2 reactions. butanone.Īlcohol: A compound with a hydroxy (-OH) substituent to saturated carbon. Ketones are named with the suffix -one, e.g. ![]() The C=O bond is polarized towards oxygen, making the carbon atom electrophilic and thus ketones are substrates for nucleophilic addition reactions. Ketone: A compound that contains a C-O double bond, where both of the substituents on the carbon atom are carbon atoms. Aldehydes are named with the suffix -al, e.g. The C=O bond is polarized towards oxygen, making the carbon atom electrophilic and thus aldehydes are substrates for nucleophilic addition reactions. bromobutane.Īldehyde: A compound that contains a C-O double bond, where one of the substituents on the carbon atom is a hydrogen atom and the other is a carbon atom. Haloalkanes are named with a derivation of the prefix halo-, e.g. The halogens are more electronegative than carbon, and are good leaving groups, making haloalkanes good substrates for S N1/S N2 and E1/E2 reactions. Haloalkane: A compound that contains a halogen (main group VII in the periodic table) substituent. Aromatics can contain other functional groups and are named with the prefix phenyl- or with the suffix -benzene, e.g. Aromatic rings have a high electron density and are nucleophilic, which makes them substrates for electrophilic aromatic substitution. butyne.Īrene: Also called aromatics, are hydrocarbons that contain at least one phenyl group. Alkynes are named with the suffix -yne, e.g. If the alkyne is terminal, the proton is slightly acidic and acetylide anions can be formed. The triple bond is nucleophilic, which makes the alkynes substrates for electrophilic addition reactions. butene.Īlkyne: A hydrocarbon that has at least one C-C triple bond. Alkenes are named with the suffix -ene, e.g. The double bond is nucleophilic, which makes the alkenes substrates in electrophilic addition reactions. butane.Īlkene: A hydrocarbon that has at least one C-C double bond. Alkanes are named with the suffix -ane, e.g. You can read more about each of the functional groups below the image.Īlkane: A hydrocarbon that has no functional groups. This image provides you with an overview of the most common functional groups in organic chemistry.
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